Author: Erica Richler

Has Vavilov Made a Difference?

The Supreme Court of Canada’s decision in Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v. Vavilov, 2019 SCC 65 (CanLII), [2019] 4 SCR 653 fundamentally altered

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Reinforcing Evidence

When can evidence that reinforces or confirms the foundational allegation be used by a regulator? In Hodge v. Registrar Real Estate and Business Brokers Act,

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Ought to Have Known

A common legal phrase is that an individual “knew or ought to have known” of certain events. In discipline matters, intentional misconduct generally attracts a

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